A approach towards criminology and forms of violence

The multiple level of violence from individual to community is one of the biggest problem today. In general violence is seen from 'codified law' point of view but legal dictionary limits the gravity of violence and defines it in terms of punishable offence with objective to stop it. Michel Foucault had said ''whatever we are seeing natural is not actually normal", by applying this logic on cause of violence we can say that violence prima facie appears  very clear and  self-contained accreditation but in reality violence is result of thought. In this context we can agree with Anastasia Stanko who said " violence is not definite, it is like this and it will remain like this". Despite this conceptual  problem  violence could be understood by classifications given by Johan Galtung. Galtung has said violence has three types: Evident, Structural and Cultural.

Evident form of violence:

There is no limit of violence and at last this ends with abstinence. The reason for this is at time of making decision of wrong and right, violence comes in favour of right and conclusion comes with decision whom should be punished and who should be freed. When this form of violence is used it takes shape of institutional mechanism and is used for solution of any problem. Evident form of violence is seen in contemporary society and politics when the feeling of hate rises for greed.

Structural form of violence:

In modern world structural violence could be seen as centralization of power, industrialization and exploitation of certain class of people. Philosophers have termed this violence as structural violence. This is violation of principles of human morality which contemporary society is trying to overlook. Political and economic centralization is also form of structural violence and to curb two step should be taken immediately: 1) Decentralization of polity (i.e., Gram panchayat) and economy (i.e., Gram Swaraj). The purpose of this is to remove exploitation and make society free from structural violence. This leadership does not mean to impose any thought on others but make balance between development and voice of common people.

Cultural form of violence:

In contemporary world there are many dimensions of violence in which one from is exploitation. This kind of multi-dimensional violence impacts on specific class of people and then on overall society which has been seen in colonial times. This gives sign of Psychological, Linguistic, sociopolitical and economic violence which impacts overall society. Cultural violence is not evident but it is present under framework and systems of society. This turn out when any political, religious warfare comes into picture like terrorism.

Human made problem

As we know that humanity is going through crucial phase. It has facing serious problem regarding its existence. The present era which also known as society of literate, here with the help of internet people are sharing information and uncovering many unknown facts. Despite all these things which have made our lives easy, human beings are unconsciously facing problem daily of which they have no idea. Its consequence may shock them.

According to scientist Michio Kaku, the development of Quantum Mechanics, Bio-Genetics and Artificial Intelligence have changed human lives dramatically. But the scientist is not sure about the future effects of these developments.

However, according to Astrophysics this universe is continuously growing but the same is denied by many scientists. One possibility could be foreseen that this Universe will be destroyed either by "Big Crunch(a process in which this universe will be destroyed by fire) " or by "Big Chill (a process in which this universe will be destroyed by cold)". The theory of Quantum Physics supports that this Universe will be destroyed one day. This theory talks about fourth face of science which includes change in Space-Time Continuum, spreading of Microscopic illusion which connects multiple universe and to create path in between those illusions to escape before this universe collapse. These all are 1000 years afterwards future possibility but common people are only worried about those problems which they are facing in present because that has direct impact on their daily lives.

It is very clear that whatever problem we are facing could be termed as human made problem because it is result of our excessive use of natural resources. As we know that human standard has changed drastically after scientific development. Our approach towards everything changed in scientific manner. Example, earlier people used to consider this earth and birth of human as blessings of Devine power but now it has become a place for exploitation and experiments.
This newly developed science has changed the view of people and people have adopted Utilitarian point of view. Earth is now considered as a big machine and it is meant for consumption of material resources. Humans by way of science and technology trying to dominate and control the earth. The definition and purpose of life has changed towards materialistic approach. This has taken place of spirituality and humanity. Traditionally Knowledge which was used to help others now has become tool to show power and to establish  suzerainty.

Corporate Social Responsibility and Gandhian View

Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) has become fundamental principle of Corporate world and Government. It is presumption of common people and companies that Government by making law to spend 2% of profit of companies, forcing companies to work for social development and this step is enough to ensure social responsibilities of  companies. In nutshell this is called CSR. By merely making law on this point it does not satisfy the view of Gandhi ji. His view on Trusteeship is very different from what is being followed today. Gandhi ji was well aware of the social responsibility of corporate people and how they can play role in nation building and reconciliation in societies by way of non-violence. 

On June 29, 1919 Gandhi ji while inaugurating the orphanage named Vinita Ashram in Ahmedabad, Gujarat said : "It is alleged everywhere that in Ahmedabad people are money centric and commercial ageing but I don't feel bad about this. Apart from commercial ageing, knowledge, devotion to society, social responsibility are important character which must be present in every human being. Corporates are the person who gives money for country in various forms. A true corporate should not hesitate in giving his all money for nation building. He should run his business with this feeling only. The nationalist feeling cannot come without the feeling of Spiritualism which means if anyone is underprivileged then it is our responsibility to come forward and help him".

The concept of Trusteeship was born in 1990 to get rid of communism and capitalism. The era of communism was almost come to an end. It seemed that capitalism is the only option for social development. To create balance and remove monopoly the concept of trusteeship was developed. 

Business and Trusteeship:

The fundamental of trusteeship is, how to make money and to what extent. Trusteeship is not against ownership of business or creation of money. In the concept of trusteeship, creation of money and ownership is very well-balanced. When this concept was developed there were protest going on everywhere between the labours and owners. At that time Labour Union had strong base not only in India but all over the world. Many times Government and Labours were brought to negotiating table but Labour Unions were playing role of opposition. There was sense of rivalry between these two. At that time these corporates were asked to make their company trust so that the labours can also be benefited by the property of corporates for whom they are working. Reason being the property of corporates are result of hard work of labours.

New Innings of BCCI

The richest cricket board in the world, the Board of Control for Cricket in India will now be held by new team headed by former Indian Captain Sourav Ganguly who will take charge on 23rd October. For the first time in decades the awaited post of BCCI president is all set to be held by a former test player. The vice president's post would be held by Mahim Verma from Cricket association of Uttarakhand. Jay Shah, the son of Union Home Minister Amit Shah, will be new secretary of the board. A brand new BCCI team is taking guard for the first time in decades. The post of the BCCI president is all set to be held by former test player. 

Sourav Ganguly will be the only 2nd Indian captain to hold the position. However, the former Indian captain is not new to Cricket administration. The 47 years old has been President of Cricket Association of Bengal since 2015. He was part of Bengal Cricket Association's working committee in 2012-13. He was also part of IPL Governing council and head of BCCI's Techinal committee. 

Jay Shah, Son of Union Home Minister Amit Shah, will be secretary of BCCI. Jay Shah has been Joint Secretary of Gujarat Cricket Association since 2013. He is representative of Gujarat Cricket Association in BCCI.

LODHA PANEL:

The biggest controversy in the history of BCCI led to the formation of Lodha Panel. It was mandated by the Apex Court in January 2015. It was formed after the Mudgal report which detailed irregularity in the IPL and the BCCI after the spot fixing scandal. The panel headed by former Chief Justice of India RM Lodha and retired Supreme Court Judges Ashok Bhan & Raveendran imposed life ban on Gurunath Meiyappan and Raj Kundra. Further the panel suspended owners of two franchises for two years. The Lodha panel adviced BCCI to divide its governance into two parts i.e., cricketing and non-cricketing sections. Further the panel wanted BCCI to come under RTI Act.

Spot fixing Scandal:

On May 16, 2013; Delhi Police unveiled spot fixing and match fixing scams. On July 28, 2013; BCCI appointed 2 members probe panel which cleared India cements & Raj kundra. On 30 July 2013; Bombay High Court ruled against BCCI probe panel and declared it illegal. On October 7, 2013; Supreme Court appointed Justice Mudgal probe panel. On Febuary 10, 2014; Justice Mudgal probe panel submitted the report to Supreme Court and found Raj Kundra and Gurunath Meiyappan guilty of illegal betting in Cricket events.

How BCCI was formed?

BCCI was set up on 4 December 1928 by group of players at Delhi's Roshnara Club. It was registered under Tamil Nadu Societies Registration Act. Between 1940s-1960s, BCCI was mostly controlled by figures from princely states. In 1952, India recorded first Test victory against England in Madras. In 1983, India beat West Indies to lift world cup and BCCI emerged from shadows of England and Australia. In 1987, BCCI persuaded ICC to take World Cup out of England and India was allowed to jointly host the event with Pakistan.

Ethiopian Prime Minister awarded with Nobel Peace Prize

The 2019 Nobel Prize announcement was made this week. The first prize in the category of physiology of medicines have been given to 3 scientists. The Nobel Prize of physics has also been announced for 3 scientists for their contribution to the understanding of evolution of universe. For chemistry as well, the Nobel Prize has been given to 3 scientists who have worked to develop an advanced Lithium-Ion battery. The Nobel Prize is widely recognised as prestigious award given for intellectual achievement across the world. Nobel Peace prize awarded to Ethiopian Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed Ali.

Ethiopian PM efforts towards peace:

Abiy Ahmed Ali pushed Ethiopia towards new democratic freedoms. He worked towards opening the country to outside world. He managed to end state of emergency, freed political prisoners and got Parliament to lift a terrorist ban on opposition groups. He pledged to facilitate foreign investment in key sectors of economy. He engaged in other peace & reconciliation processed in East and North-East Africa. In September 2018, his Government contributed in normalizing diplomatic ties between Eritrea & Djibouti. Additionally, he sought to mediate between Kenya & Somalia over rights to disputed marine area. Military regime & opposition in Sudan have returned to negotiating table and a joint draft was released of new constitution intended to secure peaceful transition.

2019 Nobel Medicine Prize: The 3 scientists named Peter Ratcliffe, William G Kaelin and DR. Gregg Semenza were independently awarded with prize. They have researched over the period of 2 decades that "how cells can sense and adapt to changing oxygen availability". It includes Genetic activity in response to varying oxygen levels.

2019 Nobel Prize in Chemistry: This prize is also awarded to 3 scientists namely John B. Goodenough, M. stanley Whittingham and Akira Yoshine for invention of lithium-ion battery.

Indian Air Force Gets Rafale

Defence Minister Rajnath Singh ceremonially received the first Rafale Fighter Aircraft in France on Tuesday, 3 years after India singed an agreement with France to procure 36 such fighter jets. The Rafale fighter aircraft which entered service with the French Navy in the year 2004 will come to India with certain modifications for Indian Air Force. It has been categorized as 4.5 Generation aircraft for its radar evading strength profile. The Rafale aircraft is expected to be a game changer because most of the air crafts are either 3rd or 4th generation aircraft. India will be fourth country after France, Egypt and Qatar to fly the Rafale.

Indian Air Force Gets Rafale: India ordered 36 Rafale fighter jets from France in September 2016. The deal worth Rs. 59,000 crore. All Rafale jets are expected to arrive in India by September 2022. Indian Air Force has completed preparations to welcome Rafale. First squadron of Rafale to be deployed at Ambala Air Base. Second squadron to be stationed at Hasimara Base in West Bengal. Rafale jets will come with various India-specific modifications.

Specifications of Rafale: Israeli helmet-mounted displays, radar warning receivers, low band jammers, 10-hours flight data recording, infra-red search, tracking systems etc. Rafale can carry out all combat aviation missions to achieve air superiority and air defence, close air support, in-depth strikes, reconnaissance, anti-ship strikes, nuclear deterrence. The twin-jet fighter aircraft can operate from aircraft carrier and shore base.

Salient Features of Rafale: Rafale is twin-jet, canard-delta wing, multi role combat aircraft. It is designed and built by Dassault Aviation. It can carry wide range of weapons, capable of many shorts and long range missions. The aircraft has been fitted with onboard oxygen generation system. It carries out both air-to-air attacks, air-to-ground strikes  and interceptions in same sortie. It can also perform several actions simultaneously. Helmet mounted sights and targeting system give lightening quick ability to shoot off weapons. It has ability to take off from high attitude airbase on "cold start". It has radar warning receiver to identify hostile tracking system. 

Importance of Rafale in Indian Air Force: The Rafale fighter aircraft will enhance operational capability of Indian Air Force. Rafale aircraft has METEOR weapon which has visual range of air-to-air missile. It can take out enemy's aircraft over 100 km. Another one SCALP, a precision-long range ground attack missile. It can take out target with extreme accuracy. MICA, air-to-air BUR interception, combat & self-defence missiles. MICA can be used within visual range and beyond visual range.

Narendra Modi: Global Goal Keeper

Prime Minister Narendra Modi on Wednesday received the Global Goal Keeper award 2019 instituted by Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation for his ambitious Swachh Bharat mission launched in year 2014. The award recognizes the Prime Minister for his goal to improve sanitation and bring positive transformation in lives of millions of people. Dedicating the award to 130 crore Indians, the Prime Minister credited them for transforming Swachh Bharat movement in people's movement. The Goal Keeper award is recognization of one of many goals the Prime Minster has tried to achieve for India by moulding and shaping public opinion. This process turned into mass movement in the last 5 years Modi said that record of 7 crore toilets were built. He also added that this mission has benefited poor people of India and Women. Stating that India has goal to achieve its sanitation target. The Swachh Bharat campaign was launched on October 2, 2014. It is World's largest behavioural change program. The World Health Organization has also acknowledged the mission that aims to accelerate efforts to achieve Universal sanitation.

Clean India has been the top priority of Prime Minister Narendra Modi. The Prime Minister asked people to join cleanliness drive and realize Mahatma Gandhi's dream of clean India. To make Swachh Bharat movement, Prime Minister launched social media platform. He nominated celebrities, leaders and public figures to become ambassador of campaign. The mission is very close in achieveing its goal of constructing toilets and ending the practice of open defecation. The Swachh Bharat mission now aims to ensure cleaner and healthier India in longer run. The campaign is now focusing on waste management.

While receiving the Global Goal Keeper award for Swachh Bharat mission, the Prime Minister addressed another key concern "The Complete Ban on Single Use Plastic" by 2022. From October 2, the Government has planned a mass movement to phase out single use plastic. Asserting India's leadership on climate issues, Prime Minister highlighted key points on India's robust action at UN Climate Summit action in New York inline with Global Goal and India's commitment. The Prime Minister's effort and India's leadership has been recognized and applauded on International platforms. India achieved Global fame when United Nations Secretary General Antonio Guterres presented Prime Minister Modi its  highest environmental honour "Champion of the Earth' Award" at special ceremony last year. PM Modi received the award jointly with Emmanuel Macron, the French President. The award was for Prime Minister's excellent effort to combat plastic pollution and his commitment to tackle climate change around the world.

Prime Minister Narendra Modi's effort has also been recognized for his International solar alliance initiative. It is a Global partnership that aims to scale up solar energy in solar resource rich countries and reduce humanities dependence on fossil fuels. India under the leadership of Prime Minister Modi signed Kigali Agreement in 2016 in Uganda. The agreement was also signed by 197 Nations with a goal of curbing the use of climate altering Hydro Fluoro Carbons.

Top Awards Conferred on Prime Minister Narendra Modi:

On August 25, 2019: PM Modi was conferred "King Hamad Order of the Renaissance" award in Bahrain.

On August 24, 2019: UAE conferred Modi "Order of Zayed" award .

On April 12, 2019: Russia honoured PM Modi "Order of St Andrew the Apostle" award.

On January 14, 2019: PM Modi was conferred First-Ever Philip Kotler Presidential Award.

On October 24, 2018: PM Modi awarded Seoul Peace Prize.

On September 26, 2018: PM Modi got UN's Champions of the Earth' award.

On February 10, 2018: Modi was conferred "Grand Collar of the State of Palestine" award.

On June 4, 2016: PM Modi awarded with "Amir Abdulla Khan" award of Afghanistan.